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Paramount, 1936. Directed by
Cecil B. DeMille. Camera: Victor Milner. With
Gary Cooper,
Jean Arthur,
James Ellison, Charles Bickford, Helen Burgess, Porter Hall, Paul Harvey,
Victor Varconi, John Miljan, Frank McGlynn, Sr., Granville Bates, Frank
Albertson, Purnell Pratt, Fred Kohler, Pat Moriarty, Charles Judels, Harry
Woods, Anthony Quinn, Francis McDonald, George Ernest, George MacQuarrie,
George "Gabby" Hayes, Fuzzy Knight, Irene Bennett, Louise Stuart, Gail
Sheridan, George Sparks, Curtis Nero, Billy McClain, Arthur Singley, Bud
Flanagan, Ralph Malone, E.W. Borman, Walter McGrail, Wilbur Mack, Max
Davidson, Buck Connors, Oscar Rudolph, Philo McCullough, Jack Clifford,
Frank Layton, Noble Johnson, Sonny Chorre, Richard Robles, Greg Whitespear,
Chief Thundercloud, Clay Deroy, Wesley Giraud, Chuck Hamilton, Hank Bell,
Lane Chandler, Myron Geiger, Bob Burns, Duke Lee, Jack Walters, Frank
Watson, Kenneth Gibson, Ben F. Hendricks, James Baker, Kenny Cooper, Cecil
Kellogg, Whitey Severn, Ervey Collins, Frank Cordell, John Eckert, Lloyd
Saunders, Al Burk, Slim Hightower, Jimmy Phillips, Captain William H.
Royal, Ted Oliver, James Mason, Richard Alexander, David Clyde, Hooper
Atchley, Robert Wilber, Bud Osborne, Francis Sayles, Franklyn Farnum, Don
Rowan, Earl Askam, Stanley Andrews, Sherwood Bailey, Edgar Dearing, Edwin
Maxwell, Bruce Warren, Mark Strong, P.E. "Tiny" Newland, Sidney D'Albrook,
Ed Schaefer, Bob Ellsworth, Nelson McDowell, Marty Joyce, Blackjack Ward,
Jess Caven, Jane Keckley, Cora Shumway, Everett Brown, Louis Natheaux, Colin
Chase, Jack Fife, Bud Fine, Blue Washington. |
At the close of the Civil War, President
Abraham Lincoln is assassinated in the East while General George
Custer fights the Indians in the West. As John Lattimer
arrives in Leavenworth, Missouri, to sell seven-shot rifles to the
Indians, Buffalo Bill Cody and his new wife Louisa are reunited with
Wild Bill Hickok and Calamity Jane. Following the massacre of
half the garrison at Fort Piney by thousands of Sioux Indians,
General Custer orders Cody to take ammunition to the fort, while
Hickok goes after their chief, Yellow Hand.
As Louisa confesses her pregnancy to
Jane, Cheyenne Indians attack the Cody home and Jane is taken to the
Cheyenne camp, where the Indians threaten to kill Hickok unless she
tells them Cody's whereabouts. Jane, in love with Hickok,
saves his life, but sacrifices Cody's men, who are ambushed by
Cheyenne using Lattimer's rifles. As Hickok makes his way to
the front, he sends Jane to alert Custer. Cody and Hickok,
along with what is left of the men at Fort Piney, defend themselves
against the Indians. As the fort's bugler dies, Custer's bugle
is heard in the distance and the Indians retreat. Back in
town, Hickok challenges John Lattimer to a draw, but is forced to
kill three of Lattimer's men, former soldiers, instead. After
Hickok follows Lattimer into the Black Hills, Custer orders Cody to
bring him Hickok dead or alive for murdering soldiers.
Weeks later, as Cody tracks Hickok, a
lone Cheyenne Indian, carrying the U.S. 7th Cavalry's flag, tells of
Custer's defeat. Meanwhile, Yellow Hand and Sitting Bull plot
to extinguish the white man using Lattimer's rifles as Hickok and
Cody meet in Deadwood to the stop Lattimer's shipment. There
Hickok shoots Lattimer dead in self-defense and rounds up his
co-conspirators in the Bella Union saloon, where they play poker.
As Hickok plays his hand of black aces and eights, Jack McCall, who
had earlier warned Lattimer about Hickok, shoots him in the back,
killing him. McCall is then arrested by Merritt and Cody's
troopers, and Merritt exonerates Cody. Calamity kisses Cody,
saying, "That's one kiss you won't wipe off." Hickok and Custer and
his troops later ride off to battle.
Notes
The ending of the film following the poker game was missing from the
viewed print. The conclusion of the plot summary was taken
from the release dialogue script found in the Paramount Script
Collection at the AMPAS Library. The film's opening narration
states, "Among the men who thrust forward America's frontier were
Wild Bill Hickok and Buffalo Bill Cody. The story that follows
compresses many years, many lives, and widely separated events into
one narrative—in an attempt to do justice to the courage of the
plainsman of the West." The closing narration states: "It
shall be as it was in the past.../Not with dreams,/but with strength
and with courage/Shall a nation be molded to last." Wild Bill
Hickok's well-deserved reputation as a gunfighter was established in
an interview with Colonel George Ward Nichols published in
Harper's New Monthly Magazine in 1867. Hickok was a good
shot and probably killed at least seven men. He was a scout in
the Union Army during the Civil War and after the war, he became a
marshal in Hays City, Kansas, and then in Abilene, Kansas. He
appeared in a play with Buffalo Bill Cody in 1873, and in 1876,
Hickok was shot in the back by Jack McCall during a poker game in
Deadwood, Dakota Territory.
As reported in DV and HR ,
shooting on a three-acre set of Deadwood City in 1865 built by
Paramount began on July 21, 1936. While DeMille directed
interiors, he gave instructions to second unit director Arthur
Rosson, who was on location, via telephone. DeMille had with
him a ten-foot model of Rosson's location scenes, as well as charts
marked with every camera set-up. The cavalry sequences were
shot with the Wyoming National Guard at Pole Mountain, Wyoming,
twenty-one miles east of Laramie. On July 17, 1936, HR
reported that two guardsmen has been badly hurt the previous day
while Rosson was shooting a charge scene. The scene of
Custer's massacre was shot on the Cheyenne Indian Reservation at
Lame Deer, Montana, where two thousand Indian actors were used as
extras. Additional scenes were also shot in Birney, Montana.
While location work continued in Montana, one production unit went
on location at the Paramount ranch outside Los Angeles on July 24,
1936. According to a HR news item on July 16, 1936,
DeMille engaged actor Edwin Maxwell to serve temporarily as dialogue
director. According to modern sources, Paramount studio
executives wanted "Wild Bill" to survive the card game shoot-out at
the end of the film, but DeMille resisted. Modern sources list
the following character names: Edgar Dearing (A courier from
Custer), Edwin Maxwell (Stanton, Secretary of War) and
Bruce Warren (Purser of the "Lizzie Gill"). Modern
sources also add the following names to the cast: Francis
Ford, Irving Bacon, John Hyams, Charles Stevens, Arthur Aylesworth,
Douglas Wood, George Cleveland, Lona Andre, Leila McIntyre, Harry
Stubbs, Davison Clark, Charles W. Hertzinger, William
Humphries, Sidney Jarvis, Wadsworth Harris, Tex Driscoll, and
Stanhope Wheatcroft.
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