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In 1917, in a small American town, Jack Powell
tinkers on a car, while daydreaming about airplanes. When the car is roadworthy,
Jack names it "Shooting Star" and Mary Preston, the girl next door who helped
him, paints a star on the side of the vehicle. Oblivious to the infatuated
Mary’s feelings for him, Jack invites a more sophisticated city girl, Sylvia
Lewis, to accompany him on the first drive. Sylvia rides with Jack, but she is
in love with David Armstrong, the son of the town’s wealthiest family.
Later, when the United States enters World War I,
Jack and David enlist and apply to aviation school. Before they leave, Sylvia
signs a picture of herself and puts it in a locket for David, but when Jack sees
it and thinks it is meant for him, she does not have the heart to contradict
him. David, who returns Sylvia’s affection, is hurt, but she takes him aside and
explains that, although Jack has her picture, David has her heart. Jack almost
forgets to say goodbye to Mary, but then runs back to shake her hand and give
her permission to use the car. While saying his farewells to his mother and
wheelchair-bound father, David finds a favorite old toy, a tiny bear, which he
decides to take with him for good luck.
During basic training, an antagonism develops
between Jack and David, which is finally resolved in boxing class when they are
paired off in a heated practice bout of boxing and become fast friends. After
Jack and David complete ground school, they are bunked with Cadet White, an
affable and experienced young flier. Upon seeing David’s bear, White comments
that many fliers have mascots, although he does not, as he believes, "when your
time comes, you’re going to get it." He then leaves for flight practice during
which he dies in a plane crash.
Later, when Jack and David are sent to France, Jack
paints a star-shaped logo on his plane like the one on his car. During their
first patrol, the fliers encounter Captain Kellermann, a famous German ace and
leader of the "Flying Circus." At 10,000 feet in the air, a dogfight ensues,
during which both German and Allied planes are lost. David’s machine gun jams as
he is singled out for an attack, but his opponent chivalrously spares his life.
Jack becomes separated from his formation and is attacked by two German Fokkers,
forcing him to crash-land and abandon his plane. He survives, and takes refuge
with entrenched British ground soldiers.
Meanwhile, Mary, who has learned to drive the
Shooting Star and has joined the Women’s Motor Corps of America, is sent
overseas to transport medical supplies. She is driving toward flu-stricken
Mervale, where billeted regiments crowd the little village, when a Gotha, the
mightiest of German bomber planes, attacks. Jack, David and their colleagues
come to the rescue during an aerial battle, and shoot down the Gotha and its two
escort planes, thereby saving the village. As they fly away, someone points out
to Mary the shooting star on the side of one of the planes and Mary realizes
that Jack had been there.
For their accomplishments, the pilots are decorated
as heroes and given a furlough in Paris. To escape the horrors of war, Jack
carouses with a Folies Bergère performer. Mary, who is also in Paris,
finds Jack at the Follies too drunk to comprehend when all leave is
cancelled in preparation for the Allies' "big push" against the Germans. Mary
tries to tell him about the change in his orders, but in his inebriated state,
Jack sees only her uniform and sends her away. While the rejected Mary is in the
ladies’ room crying, a sympathetic attendant advises her to "catch the fly" with
"sugar, not vinegar," then takes her backstage.
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Later, provocatively attired in a show girl’s
costume, Mary seduces Jack away from his female companion and takes him to his
hotel room, where he falls asleep on the bed before she can get him sober. While
she is changing back into her uniform, military police rounding up the men walk
in and conclude that she has been moonlighting as a prostitute. Jack is returned
to his unit with little memory of his night of revelry, and Mary is arrested and
sent home in disgrace.
Back at the base, while waiting for orders, David
has a premonition that he will not return home. Upon reading in the newspaper
that Mary has resigned from the corps, Jack expresses surprise that Mary would
quit. When fellow pilot Lt. Walter Cameron suggests that she was fired for
sexual misconduct, Jack takes offense and David watches as Jack hotly defends
her reputation. Having received numerous love letters from Sylvia, David hopes
that Jack’s affection has turned to Mary until Jack shows him Sylvia’s locket.
Believing that Sylvia shares his feelings, Jack says that her picture is his
good luck charm. When the picture falls from the locket, David reads the
inscription on the back dedicated to him, which Jack has never seen. Unable to
put it back without Jack seeing it, David is ready to fight his friend for the
photo, rather than let him be hurt by the truth, but they are interrupted by
orders to board their planes. They take off without resolving their quarrel and
without their respective good luck charms, as David’s bear has also fallen from
his pocket.
The pilots are sent to protect ground troops who are
under attack from German fliers. David hurls himself into danger to protect Jack
from attack and later crashes near the Mad River in German-occupied territory.
After successfully evading the Germans that night, near dawn Jack steals a
Fokker from an airfield, hoping he can fly it back to his base. Meanwhile,
presuming that David is dead, Jack vows to avenge him. After daybreak, he and
his comrades fly out to assist the advancing Allied ground soldiers as the war
is waged both in the air and on the ground. When David flies to the scene, Jack
spots his plane, but sees only the German cross on the fuselage and does not
recognize his friend. Although David tries to call out to Jack and evade his
single-minded assaults, Jack shoots down his plane, which crashes into a church.
Feeling victorious, Jack lands, but discovers to his great shame and grief that
he has fatally wounded David, who forgives him before dying.
After the war, Jack is welcomed home as a hero with
parades and other festivities, but must carry out one more war-related task.
Ashamed and grieving, he returns David’s medal and little bear to the Armstrongs
and receives forgiveness. Later, Mary comes to sit with Jack near his car and
they talk for hours. By evening, when they see a shooting star in the sky, Jack
realizes that he loves Mary.
Notes
After the opening credits, the following written prologue appears: “On
June 12, 1927, in Washington, Colonel Charles A. Lindbergh paid simple tribute
to those who fell in War. ‘In that time,’ he said, ‘feats were performed
and deeds accomplished which were far greater than any peace accomplishments of
aviation.’ For those young warriors of the sky, whose wings are folded
about them forever, this picture is dedicated.” Wings would become the
first of many aviation films directed by William A. Wellman, who was himself a
pilot and a veteran of the renowned Lafayette Flying Corp of World War I.
Although Wings had its premiere in 1927 and continued in roadshow engagements
throughout 1928, it was not registered for copyright until January 5, 1929, at
which time a musical score and sound effects were added for its national
release.
_NRFPT_02_small.jpg) _NRFPT_01_small.jpg) Aerial
sequences were projected in Magnascope and, according to the Var review, were in
color, “not natural but with sky and clouds deftly tinted plus spouts of flame
shooting from planes.’’ The review stated that the film was fourteen reels
in length when it was shown to a San Antonio preview audience, but was cut
before the general release. The review listed the running time as 139
minutes, which was divided by an intermission after sixty-five minutes. A
horizontally split screen effect is used during one of the air battle scenes.
Although opening credits and intertitles list
Charles Rogers’ character name as “Jack Powell” and
Richard Arlen’s character as “David Armstrong,” several contemporary reviews
identify the characters as “John Powell” and “Bruce Armstrong,” respectively.
The comic actor El Brendel played a German-American soldier with an American
flag tattooed on his arm, who is identified in intertitle cards as “Herman
Schwimpf” in the viewed print. However, some contemporary and modern
sources list his character’s name as “August Schmidt” and a contemporary
souvenir listed Brendel's character as “Patrick O’Brien.” Although actor
Roscoe Karns, who appears as "Lieutenant Walter Cameron," was listed in the
opening credits of the viewed print, his name does not appear in any of the
contemporary reviews found. Margery Chapin Wellman and Gloria Wellman,
wife and daughter of director Wellman, appeared in the film as a French peasant
woman and child, respectively.
According to the studio's production file found at
AMPAS , the shooting of several scenes was rescheduled to accommodate
Clara Bow's completion of the film
Rough
House Rosie. According to a 1987 NYT article, actor Charles
Rogers, who became more commonly known known as “Buddy" Rogers, stated that one
of the film’s assistant directors, Charlie Barton, played the soldier hit by
“Mary Preston’s” automobile. Other sources state that Frank Clarke played
"Captain Kellerman."
Richard Arlen, who was a World War I Royal Air Force veteran, and Rogers did
their own flying in some of the sequences. Other military and civilian
stunt pilots who performed in the film were Hoyt Vandenberg, Earl Partridge,
Frank Tomick, Frank Andrews, Clarence Irvine, Sterling R. Stribling, Denis
Kavanagh, E.J. "Rod" Rogers and E.H. Robinson. According to several modern
sources, stunt aviator Dick Grace broke his neck while performing an aerial
stunt, and later recovered. Grace has also been identified by a modern
source as the American flier who flinches when he is kissed by a Frenchman while
being decorated. Although actress Louise Closser Hale was included in an
AmCin article on the film, she was not in the viewed print. Cast
members added by modern sources include the following: James Pierce, Tommy
Carr, Margery Chapin, Thomas Carrigan, Andy Clark, James Hall, Hal George, Ormer
Locklear, Leo Nomis, Harry Reynolds, Zalla Zarana and William Hickey.
The AMPAS library file for the film contains
correspondence between writer Byron Morgan and the Famous Players-Lasky
Corporation. That correspondence indicates that Morgan had, in 1925 and
1926, submitted original ideas for a story about air service in World War I.
According to a copy of a signed agreement in the file, in 1927 Morgan was paid
$3,750 for all material created by him, for which he waived claims to be
mentioned in connection with the film. According to modern sources,
Richard Johnston served as assistant director, Frank Blount as production
manager, Edith Head as costume designer and Otto Dyar as still photographer.
Additional photographers working on the film were E. Burton Steene, L. B. "Bill"
Abbott, George Stevens and Sergeant Ward. The following people supervised the
flying sequences, according to modern sources: S.C. Campbell, Ted Parson, Carl
von Hartmann and James A. Healy. Brigadier General F.P. Lahm and Major
F.M. Andrews commanded the military pilots. Brigadier General Paul B.
Malone was in charge of the construction at Camp Stanley, and Captain E.P.
Ketchum, a military engineer, supervised the technical and historical
reproduction of the trench systems depicted in the film. Lieutenant Hap
Arnold, who would later become a general, served as a technical consultant,
Major A.M. Jones supervised ground troop maneuvers, Captain Robert Mortimer
served as ordnance supervisor and the communications officer was Captain Walter
Ellis. Lieutanant Commander Harry Reynolds and Captain Bill Taylor
assisted in preparing the planes for filming. Various modern sources state that
either one or three persons died during filming.
According to modern sources, the production of the
film was made with major contributions from the United States War Department.
The recreation of the battle of St. Mihiel was shot on location at Camp Stanley
near San Antonio, Texas, and aerial sequences were shot above Kelly Field.
Wellman’s crew spent a year in production at the ground school at Brooks Field
to insure authenticity. Besides location sites, the War Department
provided airplanes and air pilots from all over the country. Servicemen
performed as extra ground soldiers, and also assisted the production crew by
building trenches and producing explosives.
A preview of the film was held in San Antonio, in
the spring of 1927, and the picture opened in New York City and Los Angeles in
August 1927 and January 1928, respectively. Wings was not widely
released until January 5, 1929. Wings received the first Academy
Award for Best Picture of 1927-28 and Roy Pomeroy’s contribution was given a
special Academy Award for Engineering Effects. Modern sources state that
Gary Cooper’s brief scene in Wings helped launch his career to stardom and
was the beginning of his romantic relationship with
Clara Bow. In 1987, technicians at the Library of Congress completed a
restored print of the film. Rogers, one of the few veterans of the film
still living at that time, attended the premiere of the print held at the
Library’s
Mary Pickford Theater, named for his late wife. Wings is
considered by film critics to be the first important movie about World War I
aerial combat, and many film historians still rank its photography among the
best on film. Stock footage of aerial combat from the film has been used
in several other productions.
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